A na-akpọkwa ígwè ezì na ígwè ọnụ dị ka ọla ferrous.Ígwè bụ isi ihe mejupụtara ya ma nweekwa ụfọdụ carbon na ihe ndị ọzọ na-achọpụta.Alloys nwere carbon ọdịnaya na-erughị 2.11% (mass) ka a na-akpọ ígwè, na alloys nwere carbon ọdịnaya karịa ma ọ bụ hà 2.11% (mass) na-akpọ pig iron.
Enwere ike kewaa ígwè ezì ka ọ bụrụ ígwè ezi maka ịkpụ ígwè (nke a makwaara dị ka ígwè ọcha) na ígwè ezi maka nkedo.
A na-akpọ ígwè nkedo dị ka ihe nkedo.Dị ka ọdịdị ọdịdị nke graphite si dị, a pụrụ kewaa ígwè nkedo n'ime ụdị ndị a: nkedo isi awọ, aha HT;ígwè nkedo ductile, nke akpọrọ QT;ígwè nkedo na-eguzogide corrosion;ihe nkedo ndị ọzọ, dị ka ihe nkedo na-eguzogide okpomọkụ na ihe nkedo a na-apụghị ịgbagha agbagha, nkedo nkedo bụ koodu nke aha ya bụ KT, nke a makwaara dị ka ígwè.
A naghịzi emepụta ọkpọkọ ihe nkedo na ihe nrụnye na United States na obodo ndị ọzọ, mana enwere ike imepụta ya na mba ụfọdụ.Ọkụ nrụnye ígwè ductile edochila ọkpọkọ nkedo ígwè.Nkọwa ọkọlọtọ dị mkpa gụnyere: ASME B16.3, ASME B16.4, ASME B16.12, ASME B16.42, ASMEB16.42, ASTM A74, ASTM A126, AWWA C110, AWWA C111, AWWA C150, AWWA C153, wdg.
Steel bụ n'ezie alloy.Isi ihe bụ ígwè na obere carbon.Ọ nwekwara ihe ndị dị ka silicon, manganese, phosphorus, sọlfọ, chromium, nickel, molybdenum, tungsten na vanadium.E gosipụtara nhazi nke ígwè na ọnụ ọgụgụ ahụ
按照化学成分分类
碳素钢
普通碳素钢
优质碳素结构钢
低碳钢—c≤0.25%
中碳钢—0.25
高碳钢—c>0.6%
同时保证钢的化学成分和力学性能
一般S和P的质量分数均不超过0.04%
合金钢
低合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般小于5%
中合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般大于5%而小于或等于10%
高合金钢-合金元素总的质量分数一般大于10%
按照冶炼方法分类
平炉钢
转炉钢
电炉钢
坩炉钢
及
按照炉衬材料分类
按照冶炼脱氧程度分类
酸性钢
碱性钢
沸腾钢-不脱氧的钢
镇静钢-完全脱氧的钢
半镇静钢-半脱氧的钢
按照用途分类
普通钢
优质钢
高级优质钢-钢号后加“高”或“A”
按照赋予其形状的方法分类
铸钢
锻钢
轧压钢
冷拔钢
--本文摘自《压力管道设计及工程实例》第二版,主编:宋岢岢
Oge nzipu: Sep-07-2021